The Pex1 and Pex6 ATPases participate in peroxisome biogenesis. Mutations affecting these proteins are the most common cause of various generally fatal peroxisomal diseases. In a collaboration among the laboratories of Rapoport, Walz, and DiMaio/Baker, structures of the Pex1/Pex6 complex were determined in the presence of different nucleotides by cryo-electron microscopy (Blok et al., 2015). The structures support the hypothesis that the Pex1/Pex6 complex has a role in peroxisomal protein import analogous to that of another ATPase, p97, in ER-associated protein degradation.